(接A24版)

3.找主干

所谓主干就是句子的基本结构，最常见的是主谓宾。五种常见的基本句型结构为：1）主语＋不及物动词；2）主语＋及物动词＋宾语；3）主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语；4）主语＋系动词＋表语（补语）；5）主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补语。

找出主语和谓语动词后，接下来要找到长难句所要表达的主要信息，这部分往往也是解题的关键。提炼句子的主干信息，去除修饰成分、从句、插入语等，有助于把握句子的核心意义，否则会导致思维混乱、主次不分。

以2018年江苏高考D篇阅读理解为例：

As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.

第一步，找连词。这个句子是一个复合句，as引导时间状语从句，in a way that中的that引导定语从句，but also是并列连词，in terms of三个介词短语并列。

第二步，找谓语。句子中依次出现的动词有：expanded、said、compared、was、develop。其中，expanded是as 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语，said是插入语中的谓语，compared是主句的谓语动词，was是定语从句中的谓语动词，develop 和to 一起构成动词不定式是非谓语。

第三步，找主干。去除句子中的插入语（she said）、从句（时间状语从句as the world expanded和定语从句that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”）和状语（in a way），剩下的children compared themselves to others online是句子的主干结构，即主＋谓＋宾的基本句型结构。

As［时间状语从句引导词］ their world［从句主语］ expanded［从句谓语］, she said［插入语］, children［主句主语］ compared［主句谓语］ themselves［主句宾语］ to others online［主句状语］ in a way［主句状语］ that［定语从句引导词］ was［定语从句系动词］ “hugely damaging［从句表语］ in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”［从句状语］.

试分析此句：She refused to live with male cranes, and even had a reputation for killing some of them, which made it impossible for her to become a mother.(选自2019江苏高考完形填空)

长难句解读：She［主句主语］ refused［主句谓语］ to live with male cranes［主句宾语］, and［并列连词］ even［状语］ had［主句谓语］ a reputation［主句宾语］ for killing some of them［后置定语］, which［非限制性定语从句引导词］ made［定语从句谓语］ it［形式宾语］ impossible［宾语补语］ for her［状语］ to become a mother［真正的宾语］.

句意为：她拒绝和雄性仙鹤生活在一起，甚至因为弄死一些雄性仙鹤而有恶名，这让她不可能成为一名母亲。